|
The chilli thrips〔This is the more common international spelling of "chilli" outside of the United States. This spelling has been preserved in the common name for the insect by entomologists in the United States in deference to the body of literature already published for this species by international authors.〕 or yellow tea thrips, ''Scirtothrips dorsalis'' Hood, is an extremely successful invasive species of pest-thrips〔Morse, JG; Hoddle, MS (2005). Invasion biology of thrips. Annual Reviews of Entomology 51: 67 – 89.〕 which has expanded rapidly from Asia over the last twenty years, and is gradually achieving a global distribution. It has most recently been reported in St. Vincent (2004) Florida (2005), Texas (2006), and Puerto Rico (2007). It is a pest of economic significance with a broad host range, with prominent pest reports on crops including pepper, mango, citrus, strawberry, grapes, cotton, tea, peanuts, blueberry, and roses.〔(University of Florida webpage on Chilli thrips )〕 Chilli thrips appear to feed preferentially on new growth, and infested plants usually develop characteristic wrinkled leaves, with distinctive brown scarring along the veins of leaves, the buds of flowers, and the calyx of fruit. Feeding damage can reduce the sale value of crops produced, and in sufficient numbers, kill plants already aggravated by environmental stress. This thrips has also been implicated in the transmission of three tospoviruses, but there is some controversy over its efficiency as a vector.〔Whitfield AE, Ullman DE, German TL (2005). Tospovirus-thrips interactions. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 43: 459–89.〕 This thrips has a rapid life cycle, and can develop from egg to adult in slightly less than two weeks under optimal weather conditions. ==Identification== A tentative (but inconclusive) field identification can be made of this thrips by searching for the following traits under low power magnification: small size (under a millimeter in length), yellow coloration, dark antennae, and dark striping on the lower abdomen.〔Skarlinsky, T. 2004. Identification Aid for Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, 1919, pp. 6. In USDA (). unpublished.〕〔Seal, D; Ciomperlik, MA (2004). Surveys of St. Lucia and St. Vincent for Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood), Jan. 14-23, 2004. USDA APHIS PPQ, Technical Report. 19 pp.〕〔Seal, D; Ciomperlik, MA; Richards, ML; Klassen, W (2006). Distribution of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in pepper fields and on pepper plants in St. Vincent. Florida Entomologist 89: 311 – 320.〕 It can be specifically identified and confirmed through the presence of forked sense cones on antennal segments III and IV, antennomeres I-II are pale and III to IX are dark; there are three discal setae on the lateral margins of abdominal tergites, with pronotal posteromarginal seta II nearly one and a half times the length of I or III, a complete posteromarginal comb on tergite VII; and three ocellar setae with III between posterior ocelli.〔〔Mound, L. A., and J. M. Palmer. 1981. Identification, distribution and host-plants of the pest species of Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 71: 467–479.〕〔Hoddle, M. S., and L. A. Mound. 2003. The genus Scirtothips in Australia (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Zootaxa 268: 1 - 40.〕 Recent research concludes that ''S. dorsalis'' does represent a species complex of three or more disparate species who are morphologically similar but genetically distinct.〔Hoddle, M. S., J. M. Heraty, P. F. Rugman-Jones, L. A. Mound, and R. Stouthamer. 2008. Relationships Among Species of Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae, Thripinae) Using Molecular and Morphological Data. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 101: 491 – 500.〕〔Dickey AM, Kumar V, Hoddle MS, Funderburk JE, Morgan JK, Jara-Cavieres A. 2015. "The Scirtothrips dorsalis Species Complex: Endemism and Invasion in a Global Pest." PLoS ONE. 10(4): e0123747. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123747〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scirtothrips dorsalis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|